Skill

Showing posts with label Skill. Show all posts

Export Finance and Documentation.

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></h2>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">International market involves various types of trade documents that need to be produced while making transactions. Each trade document is differ from other and present the various aspects of the trade like description, quality, number, transportation medium, indemnity, inspection and so on. So, it becomes important for the importers and exporters to make sure that their documents support the guidelines as per international trade transactions. A small mistake could prove costly for any of the parties.</span></div>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnd8himrw5S-uVgZ2iMxeFZ8h0WIIzQFSRUCilkHAUBoPtA13FSPdoIBHzPujn2motP73RzUQx_W2PSkwobjSuuOK3wMH8CFaDyta7rkWrxwn4FhgaC0Br3CiyH6TE99eMOGuBVwG_jN_w/s1600/financial-freedom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnd8himrw5S-uVgZ2iMxeFZ8h0WIIzQFSRUCilkHAUBoPtA13FSPdoIBHzPujn2motP73RzUQx_W2PSkwobjSuuOK3wMH8CFaDyta7rkWrxwn4FhgaC0Br3CiyH6TE99eMOGuBVwG_jN_w/s1600/financial-freedom.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />For example, a trade document about the bill of lading is a proof that goods have been shipped on board, while Inspection Certificate, certifies that the goods have been inspected and meet quality standards. So, depending on these necessary documents, a seller can assure a buyer that he has fulfilled his responsibility whilst the buyer is assured of his request being carried out by the seller.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />The following is a list of documents often used in international trade:</span></div>
<ul class="style16" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Air Waybill</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bill of Lading</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Certificate of Origin</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Combined Transport Document</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Draft (or Bill of Exchange)</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Insurance Policy (or Certificate)</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Packing List/Specification</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Inspection Certificate</span></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Air_Waybills" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span></a></span></h2>
<h2 class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Air Waybills</span></span></h2>
<div>
<span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Air Waybills make sure that goods have been received for shipment by air. A typical air waybill sample consists of of three originals and nine copies. The first original is for the carrier and is signed by a export agent; the second original, the consignee's copy, is signed by an export agent; the third original is signed by the carrier and is handed to the export agent as a receipt for the goods.</span></div>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Air Waybills serves as:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />      •  Proof of receipt of the goods for shipment.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />      •  An invoice for the freight.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />      •  A certificate of insurance.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />      •  A guide to airline staff for the handling, dispatch and delivery of the consignment.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />The principal requirement for an air waybill are :</span></div>
<ul class="style16" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The proper shipper and consignee must be mention.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The airport of departure and destination must be mention.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The goods description must be consistent with that shown on other documents.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Any weight, measure or shipping marks must agree with those shown on other documents.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It must be signed and dated by the actual carrier or by the named agent of a named carrier.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It must mention whether freight has been paid or will be paid at the destination point.</span></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Bill_of_Lading_(B/L)" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bill of Lading (B/L) :</span></a></span></h2>
<div>
<span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bill of Lading is a document given by the shipping agency for the goods shipped for transportation form one destination to another and is signed by the representatives of the carrying vessel.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Bill of landing is issued in the set of two, three or more. The number in the set will be indicated on each bill of lading and all must be accounted for. This is done due to the safety reasons which ensure that the document never comes into the hands of an unauthorised person.  Only one original is sufficient to take possession of goods at port of discharge so, a bank which finances a trade transaction will need to control the complete set. The bill of lading must be signed by the shipping company or its agent, and must show how many signed originals were issued.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />It will indicate whether cost of freight/ carriage has been paid or not : <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">"Freight Prepaid"</em></strong></span> : Paid by shipper<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;">"Freight collect"</span> </em></strong>: To be paid by the buyer at the port of discharge<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />The bill of lading also forms the contract of carriage.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />To be acceptable to the buyer, the B/L should :</span></div>
<ul class="style16" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Carry an "On Board" notation to showing the actual date of shipment, (Sometimes however, the "on board" wording is in small print at the bottom of the B/L, in which cases there is no need for a dated "on board" notation to be shown separately with date and signature.)</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Be "clean" have no notation by the shipping company to the effect that goods/ packaging are damaged.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The main parties involve in a bill of lading are:</span></div>
<ul class="style16" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Shipper</span><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The person who send the goods.</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Consignee</span><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The person who take delivery of the goods.</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Notify Party</span><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The person, usually the importer, to whom the shipping company or its agent gives notice of arrival of the goods.</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Carrier</span><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The person or company who has concluded a contract with the shipper for conveyance of goods</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The bill of lading must meet all the requirements of the credit as well as complying with UCP 500. These are as follows :</span></div>
<ul class="style16" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The correct shipper, consignee and notifying party must be shown.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The carrying vessel and ports of the loading and discharge must be stated.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The place of receipt and place of delivery must be stated, if different from port of loading or port of discharge.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The goods description must be consistent with that shown on other documents.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Any weight or measures must agree with those shown on other documents.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Shipping marks and numbers and /or container number must agree with those shown on other documents.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It must state whether freight has been paid or is payable at destination.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It must be dated on or before the latest date for shipment specified in the credit.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It must state the actual name of the carrier or be signed as agent for a named carrier.</span></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Certificate_of_Origin" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Certificate of Origin</span></a></span></h2>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Certificate of Origin is required by the custom authority of the importing country for the purpose of imposing import duty. It is usually issued by the Chamber of Commerce and contains information like seal of the chamber, details of the good to be transported and so on.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />The certificate must provide that the information required by the credit and be consistent with all other document, It would normally include :</span></div>
<ul class="style16" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The name of the company and address as exporter.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The name of the importer.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Package numbers, shipping marks and description of goods to agree with that on other documents.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Any weight or measurements must agree with those shown on other documents.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It should be signed and stamped by the Chamber of Commerce.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></span></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Combined_Transport_Document" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Combined Transport Document :</span></a></span></h2>
<div>
<span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Combined Transport Document is also known as Multimodal Transport Document, and is used when goods are transported using more than one mode of transportation. In the case of multimodal transport document, the contract of carriage is meant for a combined transport from the place of shipping to the place of delivery. It also evidence receipt of goods but it does not evidence on board shipment, if it complies with ICC 500, Art. 26(a). The liability of the combined transport operator starts from the place of shipment and ends at the place of delivery. This documents need to be signed with appropriate number of originals in the full set and proper evidence which indicates that transport charges have been paid or will be paid at destination port.</span></div>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Multimodal transport document would normally show :</span></div>
<ul class="style16" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That the consignee and notify parties are as the credit.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The place goods are received, or taken in charges, and place of final destination.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Whether freight is prepaid or to be collected.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The date of dispatch or taking in charge, and the "On Board" notation, if any must be dated and signed.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Total number of originals.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Signature of the carrier, multimodal transport operator or their agents.</span></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="style2" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Commercial_Invoice" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Commercial Invoice</span></a></span></h2>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Commercial Invoice document is provided by the seller to the buyer. Also known as export invoice or import invoice, commercial invoice is finally used by the custom authorities of the importer's country to evaluate the good for the purpose of taxation.</span></div>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The invoice must :</span></div>
<ul class="style16" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Be issued by the beneficiary named in the credit (the seller).</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Be address to the applicant of the credit (the buyer).</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Be signed by the beneficiary (if required).</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Include the description of the goods exactly as detailed in the credit.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Be issued in the stated number of originals (which must be marked "Original) and copies.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Include the price and unit prices if appropriate.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">State the price amount payable which must not exceed that stated in the credit</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">include the shipping terms.</span></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Bill_of_Exchange" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;">Bill of Exchange</a></span></span></h2>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Bill of Exchange is a special type of written document under which an exporter ask importer a certain amount of money in future and the importer also agrees to pay the importer that amount of money on or before the future date. This document has special importance in wholesale trade where large amount of money involved.</span></div>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Following persons are involved in a bill of exchange:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">      Drawer:</strong> The person who writes or prepares the bill.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">      Drawee</strong>: The person who pays the bill.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">      Payee</strong>: The person to whom the payment is to be made.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">      Holder</strong> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">of the Bill</strong>: The person who is in possession of the bill.</span></div>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />On the basis of the due date there are two types of bill of exchange:</span></div>
<ul class="style16" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Bill of Exchange after Date</strong>: In this case the due date is counted from the date of drawing and is also called bill after date.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Bill of Exchange after Sight</strong>: In this case the due date is counted from the date of acceptance of the bill and is also called bill of exchange after sight.</span></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Insurance_Certificate" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Insurance Certificate</span></a></span></h2>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Also known as Insurance Policy, it certifies that goods transported have been insured under an open policy and is not actionable with little details about the risk covered.</span></div>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is necessary that the date on which the insurance becomes effective is same or earlier than the date of issuance of the transport documents.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Also, if submitted under a LC, the insured amount must be in the same currency as the credit and usually for the bill amount plus 10 per cent.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box;"></o:p></span></div>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The requirements for completion of an insurance policy are as follow :</span></div>
<ul class="style16" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The name of the party in the favor which the documents has been issued.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The name of the vessel or flight details.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The place from where insurance is to commerce typically the sellers warehouse or the port of loading and the place where insurance cases usually the buyer's warehouse or the port of destination.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Insurance value that specified in the credit.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Marks and numbers to agree with those on other documents.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The description of the goods, which must be consistent with that in the credit and on the invoice.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The name and address of the claims settling agent together with the place where claims are payable.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Countersigned where necessary.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Date of issue to be no later than the date of transport documents unless cover is shown to be effective prior to that date.</span></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;">
<span class="sampleStrong" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="EXPORT_PACKING_LIST_" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="style5" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Packing List </span></a> :</span></span></h3>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Also known as packing specification, it contain details about the packing materials used in the shipping of goods. It also include details like measurement and weight of goods.</span></div>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The packing List must :</span></div>
<ul class="style16" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Have a description of the goods ("A") consistent with the other documents.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Have details of shipping marks ("B") and numbers consistent with other documents</span></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="style18" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="INSPECTION_CERTIFICATE" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Inspection Certificate :</span></a></h3>
<div class="style17" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Certificate of Inspection is a document prepared on the request of seller when he wants the consignment to be checked by a third party at the port of shipment before the goods are sealed for final transportation.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />In this process seller submit a valid Inspection Certificate along with the other trade documents like invoice, packing list, shipping bill, bill of lading etc to the bank for negotiation.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />On demand,  inspection can be done by various world r<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">enowned </span> inspection agencies on nominal charges.</span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>

Export Finance and Documentation.

International market involves various types of trade documents that need to be produced while making transactions. Each trade document i...

+ Read more »

Welcome to the Newton Project

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="about_us" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
The Newton Project is a non-profit organization dedicated to publishing in full an online edition of all of Sir Isaac Newton’s (1642–1727) writings — whether they were printed or not. The edition presents a full (diplomatic) rendition featuring all the amendments Newton made to his own texts or a more readable (normalised) version. We also make available <a href="http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/ref2014#trans" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #737373; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;">translations</a> of his most important Latin religious texts.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
Although Newton is best known for his theory of universal gravitation and discovery of calculus, his interests were much broader than is usually appreciated. In addition to his celebrated <a href="http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/prism.php?id=45" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #737373; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;">scientific</a> and <a href="http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/prism.php?id=147" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #737373; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit;">mathematical writings</a>, Newton also wrote many alchemical and religious texts.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
We have published over four million words of text since January 2008, and have created a special section for reviewers working for the UK Research Excellence Framework (REF). This provides a list of every document published during the current REF cycle, along with key Research Inputs, Translations of major Latin texts and podcasted interviews with historians. Reviewers should refer to the main site in order to understand the way in which the documents have been classified and arranged within the site as a whole.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
Thanks to www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk. </div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
<br /></div>
</div>

Welcome to the Newton Project

The Newton Project is a non-profit organization dedicated to publishing in full an online edition of all of Sir Isaac Newton’s (1642–1727)...

+ Read more »

Purpose and Nature of Science and Technology/Engineering

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<br /></h2>
<div class="SectionFirstLevel">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Investigations in science and technology/engineering
involve a range of skills, habits of mind, and subject matter knowledge. The
purpose of science and technology/engineering education in </span><st1:state style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" w:st="on">Massachusetts</st1:state><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> is to enable students to draw
on these skills and habits, as well as on their subject matter knowledge, in
order to participate productively in the intellectual and civic life of
American society and to provide the foundation for their further education in
these areas if they seek it.</span></div>
<div class="SectionFirstLevel">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="SectionFirstLevel">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW2V1RVPn34Y8tZuNTeXXTv0kqdkqr0sxO2HP8NbeyI6_QoNDSgwq7xJrTJXlS4o6680Ui810Y1tOpu_UR1S7I5OnztIEPOal1tA3ye2KJynwDzcop3j9Aw1ErUTOpyXGmSNnFY5BUlS2r/s1600/life+sce+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW2V1RVPn34Y8tZuNTeXXTv0kqdkqr0sxO2HP8NbeyI6_QoNDSgwq7xJrTJXlS4o6680Ui810Y1tOpu_UR1S7I5OnztIEPOal1tA3ye2KJynwDzcop3j9Aw1ErUTOpyXGmSNnFY5BUlS2r/s1600/life+sce+.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="SectionFirstLevel">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="SectionMainText">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Nature of Science :</span></h3>
<div class="SectionFirstLevel">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Science may be described as the attempt to give good
accounts of the patterns in nature. The result of scientific investigation is
an understanding of natural processes. Scientific explanations are always
subject to change in the face of new evidence. Ideas with the most durable
explanatory power become established theories or are codified as laws of
nature. Overall, the key criterion of science is that it provide a clear,
rational, and succinct account of a pattern in nature. This account must be
based on data gathering and analysis and other evidence obtained through direct
observations or experiments, reflect inferences that are broadly shared and
communicated, and be accompanied by a model that offers a naturalistic
explanation expressed in conceptual, mathematical, and/or mechanical terms.
Here are some everyday examples of patterns seen in nature:</span></div>
<div class="SectionMainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="SectionBulletText">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal;">        
</span>The sun appears to move each day from the
eastern horizon to the western horizon.</span></div>
<div class="SectionBulletText">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal;">        
</span>Virtually all objects released near the surface
of the earth sooner or later fall to the ground.</span></div>
<div class="SectionBulletText">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal;">        
</span>Parents and their offspring are similar, e.g.,
lobsters produce lobsters, not cats.</span></div>
<div class="SectionBulletText">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal;">        
</span>Green is the predominant color of most plants.</span></div>
<div class="SectionBulletText">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal;">        
</span>Some objects float while others sink.</span></div>
<div class="SectionBulletText">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal;">        
</span>Fire yields heat.</span></div>
<div class="SectionBulletText">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal;">        
</span>Weather in <st1:place w:st="on">North America</st1:place>
generally moves from west to east.</span></div>
<div class="SectionBulletText">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal;">        
</span>Many organisms that once inhabited the earth no
longer do so.</span></div>
<div class="SectionMainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="SectionMainText">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It is beyond the scope of this document to examine the
scientific accounts of these patterns. Some are well known, such as that the
rotation of the earth on its axis gives rise to the apparent travel of the sun
across the sky, or that fire is a transfer of energy from one form to another.
Others, like buoyancy or the cause of extinction, require subtle and sometimes
complex accounts. These patterns, and many others, are the puzzles that
scientists attempt to explain.</span></div>
<div class="SectionMainText">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Nature of Technology/Engineering :</span></h3>
<div class="SectionFirstLevel">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">      Technology/engineering seeks different ends from those
of science. Engineering strives to design and manufacture useful devices or
materials, defined as technologies, whose purpose is to increase our efficacy
in the world and/or our enjoyment of it. Can openers are technology, as are
microwave ovens, microchips, steam engines, camcorders, safety glass, zippers,
polyurethane, the Golden Gate Bridge, much of Disney World, and the “Big Dig”
in Boston. Each of these, with innumerable other examples, emerges from the scientific
knowledge, imagination, persistence, talent, and ingenuity of practitioners of
technology/engineering. Each technology represents a designed solution, usually
created in response to a specific practical problem, that applies scientific
principles. As with science, direct engagement with the problem is central to
defining and solving it.</span></div>
<div class="SectionMainText">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">The Relationship Between Science and
Technology/Engineering :</span></h3>
<div class="SectionFirstLevel">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">                  In spite of their different goals, science and
technology have become closely, even inextricably, related in many fields. The
instruments that scientists use, such as the microscope, balance, and
chronometer, result from the application of technology/engineering. Scientific
ideas, such as the laws of motion, the relationship between electricity and
magnetism, the atomic model, and the model of DNA, have contributed to
achievements in technology and engineering, such as improvement of the internal
combustion engine, power transformers, nuclear power, and human gene therapy.
The boundaries between science and technology/engineering blur together to
extend knowledge.</span></div>
</div>

Purpose and Nature of Science and Technology/Engineering

Investigations in science and technology/engineering involve a range of skills, habits of mind, and subject matter knowledge. The purpos...

+ Read more »

Subscribe to: Posts ( Atom )